Part of the 11 visual function tests in the American optometrist training for the American optometrist industry

Part of the 11 visual function tests in the American optometrist training for the American optometrist industry

Visual function examination is one of the most important professional skills in optometry visual training, and it is one of the professional skills that intermediate and senior optometrists, technologists and optometrists must have. Because visual function examination is of great significance to the diagnosis and treatment of consumers' vision health, the methods of visual function examination have been enriched and developed. As part of a team in the optometry industry, we must also be proficient in visual function testing and keep up with the progress of optometry in the United States. The following is a part of the 11 visual function checks in the optometry industry in the United States for your reference. Visual function examination: 1. Worth4-dot examination method 1.Open the bilateral visual holes, insert the diopter power after the balance of the eyes, adjust the right side is a red filter built-in auxiliary lens (RL), and the left side is a green filter built-in auxiliary lens (GL), put the Worth four-point light optoscope, and ask the patient to pay attention to the optoscope. 2. Four points of light can be seen, indicating that there is normal image melting ability. (The following conditions are normal: three green and one red, or two green and two red, or three green and one red and two green and two red are converted to each other, or one and a half red and two and a half green) 3. Two red dots can be seen, but the cross green optoscope cannot be seen, and the circular optoscope below is reddish: indicating that the left eye of the examinee is suppressed. 4. Three green dots can be seen, and the diamond-shaped red optoscope above cannot be seen, while the circular optoscope below is greenish: indicating that the right eye of the person being examined is suppressed. 5. Five dots, two red dots, three green dots or the circular optoplasm below can be seen at the same time, indicating diplopia, which is a manifestation of binocular fusion dysfunction. Ask the patient about the relative position of the light spots, and if the two red dots are to the right of the green dots, it is ipsilateral diplopia, indicating that the patient has an esotropia. Conversely, it is cross-diplopia, indicating that the patient has exophobia. 6. Two red dots and three green dots are seen alternately: it means that there is alternating inhibition, and the patient has no ability to fuse. 2. Stereoscopic vision screening method 1.Open the bilateral visual holes, insert the refractive power after the balance of the eyes, put the stereoscopic optoscope, and ask the patient to look at the fusion point in the optoscope, at this time, the patient sees the upper and lower optoscopes as double vertical lines with equal distances. 2. Adjust the built-in auxiliary lens so that both sides are polarized light sheets, and ask the patient to fix the optoscope again. 3. You can see that the upper and lower visual targets are all single vertical lines, and there is a three-dimensional sense, indicating that there is a normal ability to blend images and stereoscopic vision. 4. It can be seen that the upper optoform is a double vertical line, and the lower optogram is a single vertical line, which is ipsilateral diplopia, indicating that the patient has an internal oblivion: you can see that the upper optogram is a single vertical line, and the lower optogram is a double vertical line, which is a crosswise diplopia, indicating that the patient has external heteropia. 5. It can be seen that the upper and lower optoscopes are double vertical lines, indicating that there is diplopia, the patient has no ability to fuse images, and there is no stereoscopic vision. If the distance between the upper two vertical lines is longer than the distance between the lower two vertical lines, it is ipsilateral diplopia, indicating that the patient has internal heteropia, and conversely, it is intersecting diplopia, indicating that the patient has external heteropia. The following are the optographic targets used in stereoscopic screening: 3. Long-distance stable oblique examination method 1. Open the bilateral visual holes, and the examinee completely corrects the refractive error and uses the interpupillary distance at a distance. 2. Let the patient close both eyes lightly, turn the rotating rhomboid lens to the front of the visual hole, place 6鈻矪U (separation lens) in the right eye, and place 12鈻矪I (measuring lens) in the left eye. 3. The optoscope is a single teleopic target on the line above the best visual acuity. 4. Ask the patient to open their eyes and ask them if they see two optoscopes, one on the lower right and one on the upper left. When the horizontal separation is too much, the BI prism can be appropriately reduced, and vice versa, it holds; When the upper and lower parts are separated too much, the BU prism can be appropriately reduced, and vice versa, holds. If it still doesn't work, it proves that it is suppressed, and it can be covered alternately, and then checked after deinhibition. 5. Have the patient look at the lower right optographic and feel the upper left visual target with residual vision. 6. Gradually reduce the prism of BI in the left eye until the patient reports that the upper and lower optoscopes are vertically aligned, and record the power of the bottom direction of the prism in the left eye at this time. 7. Continue to rotate the prism in the same direction until the patient sees two more optoscopes, one on the upper right and one on the lower left. 8. Then rotate the prism in the opposite direction until the two optoscopes are aligned again, and record the degree of the bottom direction of the prism at this time. 9. The average of the two times is the measurement result, horizontal strabismus. When the difference in the re-inspection result is greater than 3 prisms, it proves that the inspection error is too large and needs to be re-checked. Fourth, the near horizontal steady oblique examination method 1.Open the bilateral visual holes, insert the refractive power after the balance of the eyes, and use the interpupillary distance in near use. 2. The near-use optographic target is placed at 40cm of the myopia benchmark. 3. Let the patient close both eyes, turn the rotating prism to the front of the optic hole, place 6鈻矪U (separation lens) in the right eye, and place 12鈻矪I (measuring lens) in the left eye. 4. The optoscope is a small square optoscope or a horizontal single row of myopic targets. 5. The inspection method is the same as the long-distance concealment detection. 5. Gradient method AC/A inspection method 1.Open the bilateral vision holes, insert the refractive power after the balance of the eyes, and add ADD on the basis of the complete correction of the distance refraction in the subject with presbyopia, put down the near vision examination lever, and place it at 40cm. 2. Open both eyes at the same time, please fix the middle mark of the upper row of optoscopes with the best visual acuity of the inspected eye, increase the +1.00D spherical lens degree of both eyes at the same time, relax the adjustment, measure the ocular position (the method is the same as the near flat heterogram examination), and make a record. 3. Add -1.00D spherical power to both eyes, stimulate adjustment, and then measure the ocular position (the method is the same as the near horizontal heterogyne examination), and make a record.6. NRA examination method 1.Open the bilateral visual holes, insert the refractive power after the balance of the eyes, near interpupillary distance, the subject with presbyopia should add ADD on the basis of complete correction of distal refraction, put down the near vision examination lever, place it at 40cm, adjust the near examination knob on the comprehensive refractor to the near examination state, and the optometric is the middle optoscope of the upper row of the best optographic target. (Use the optometric target at the time of AC/A inspection) 2.Open both eyes at the same time and illuminate appropriately. 3. To detect NRA, increase the positive spherical realm in both eyes at the same time, add +0.25D each time, increase every three seconds, until the subject's complaint begins to appear blurred and retain this blurred moment for 3-5 seconds, if the blurred vision returns to clear within 3-5 seconds, the diopter can continue to increase: but if it continues to be blurred for more than 5 seconds, stop the test, return to the previous clear power, and record the value of subtracting the spherical power from the initial spherical power at this time. 7. BBC examination method 1.Open the bilateral visual holes, insert the refractive power after the balance of the eyes, use the near interpupillary distance, put down the near vision examination lever, place it at 40cm, adjust the near examination knob on the comprehensive refractor to the near examination state, and the optometric mark is the near cross optoscope. 2. Adjust the bilateral sight holes to 卤0.50 crossed cylindrical mirrors, and check under dark lighting (natural light, no additional illumination). 3. Ask the patient to look at the near cross and report whether the horizontal line is clear or the vertical line is clear. 4. If the examinee should complain that the vertical line is clearer, add negative spherical lenses to both eyes at the same time, add -0.25D each time, until the horizontal line is just clearer than the vertical line to stop, and the upward paddle is returned to the previous luminosity. 5. If the examinee should complain that the horizontal line is clearer, add the orthospherical lens to both eyes at the same time, add +0.25D each time, until the vertical line is just clearer than the horizontal line, and the upward paddle is returned to the previous luminosity. 6. Record the difference between the stop spherical power and the original spherical power. 7. If it is a positive value, it means that the adjustment lag; If it is negative, it means that the adjustment is ahead. Normal range: +0.25~+o.75 for non-presbyopia (BCC value also increases with age in aging patients). 8. PRA examination method 1.Open the bilateral visual holes, insert the refractive power after the balance of the eyes, add ADD on the basis of the complete correction of the distance refraction of the person with presbyopia, put down the near vision examination lever, place it at 40cm, adjust the near examination knob on the comprehensive refractor to the near examination state, and the optometric is the best visual acuity on the upper line of optoplasm. 2. Open both eyes at the same time and illuminate appropriately. 3. To detect PRA, increase the negative sphere in both eyes at the same time, add -0.25D each time, increase every three seconds, until the subject's complaint begins to appear blurred and retain this blurred moment for 3-5 seconds, if the blurred vision returns to clear within 3-5 seconds, you can continue to increase the diopter: but if it does not recover for more than 5 seconds, stop the test, return the last power that can be seen clearly, and use the difference between the spherical power at this time and the spherical power at CAMP to make a record. 9. Adjust the amplitude inspection method 1. Bright lighting 2. First let the tested person completely refractive correction 3. Slowly move the optoscope (with AC/A optoscope, using the last line of optoplasm with the best visual acuity) from 40 cm away to the root of the nose, and keep the movement speed at 2 cm/s until the optoscope cannot be seen clearly. 4. Measure the distance from the optoscope to the lens (in fact, it should be calculated from the 1.5mm principal point behind the cornea, which is the adjustment near point, and its reciprocal is the adjustment amplitude). 5. Then slowly move the optoscope backward and leave the base of the nose until you can see clearly, which is the recovery point of the adjustment near point, and its reciprocal is the recovery point of the adjustment amplitude. 6. The adjustment amplitude should be detected separately by both eyes, and then the adjustment amplitude of both eyes should be detected separately, and the normal binocular accommodation amplitude should be 0.50D. more than that of the monocular eye, and the minimum accommodation amplitude of the monocular should be detected = 15 - patient age/4. This is the approach method, and the negative mirror method can also be used. The value of the proximity method will be about 2D larger than the value of the negative mirror method. 10. Adjustment flexibility check method 1. First, let the tested person completely refractive correction 2. Use a flip shot of plus/minus 2.00D, and make him look at 40cm or a habitual working distance, which is equivalent to a line of letters equivalent to 20/30 or a text the same size as the optoscope. 3. Start from the positive mirror, to the negative mirrorpower flip the lens many times, positive/negative for a cycle, with each change, the subject is required to see the font clearly, preferably read aloud. 4. Generally, the right eye is detected first and then the left eye, and then both eyes are detected at the same time. Record the number of cycles of a one-minute rollover. 11. Assemble near point inspection method 1. Bright lighting. 2. Slowly move the optoscope (AC/A optoscope, choose the previous row of optoscopes with the best vision) from a distance of 40 cm to the base of the nose, and keep the movement speed at 3-5 cm/s until the optoscope becomes two. 3. Measure the distance from the optoscope to the center of rotation of both eyes (the optoscope can be measured to the corneal apex, plus 13.5mm from the corneal apex to the center of rotation). 4. Slowly move the optoscope backward and leave the base of the nose until the optoscope recovers into one, which is the recovery point of the complementary point. 5. The convergence near point must be detected by both eyes at the same time. Article source: Internet